Arthashastra on kings:

                Arthashastra is considered a treatise on the policy of a successful kingdom. The book describes how the king himself should live his life, how he should choose his aides, and how he should manage the finances of the empire. In the book, Chanakya describes that a king should divide his day and night into eight parts each, for the purpose of administration of his empire, and leaving only two parts of the night for sleeping. He asserts that it is in the king’s best interest to employ agents to spy the government agents of the empire, and the citizens of both his and the surrounding empires. In addition, Chanakya described in detail how the king’s capital and fortress should be structured. Chankya considers protection of Dharma or righteousness in society as the primary duty of a king. That king who upholds righteousness and virtue, according to Chanakya, would have happiness in this world and also in the next. He also asserts that a king who uses his power improperly and unjustly deserves to be punished.                 In Arthashastra, Chanakya mentioned that the sacred task of a king is to strive for the welfare of his people incessantly. A king should never think of his personal interest or welfare, but should try to find joy in the joy of his subjects. Arthashastra on Finances:                 According to Chanakya’s Arthashastra, “All undertakings depend on finance. Hence, foremost attention shall be paid to treasury.” In his book, apart from describing the duties and conduct of a king, Chanakya also describes the duties of a Chamberlain or treasurer, the superintendent of the mint, and the superintendent of the gold. He describes penalties to be doled out to offenders to the government treasury, in the form of monetary fines. Kautilya also describes the values of grains and other commodities. He leaves no form of income unexplored. In addition, he also diligently listed the qualities of silver, gold, diamonds, and other gems and insisted that their quality, purity and the authenticity should always be assured. This treatise gives insights on geology, agriculture, animal husbandry and metrology. According to Chanakya and as per his best work, most of the business including mining should be carried out by the state.  The existence of the book indicates that all these sciences were quite developed and systematized in India 2500 years ago. Arthashastra on Mines: Arthashastra gives detailed information on mines, minerals and metals. The way Chanakya describes each and every facet of mines, minerals and metals, proves that the Indians were concerned in this regard even in that age. In the treatise, Chanakya asserts that “Mines are the very source from which springs all temporal power for the strength of government and the earth, whose ornament is the treasury, which is acquired by means of treasury”.  Chanakya’s Arthashastra is a promising guide to change each and every passing moment of life.