. Micronutrient deficiency:

Mere accomplishment of universalisation goals have fabricated a huge mismatch between the design or objective and the real intention. Important nutrient constituents are often found missing in the diet of the poor causing acute deficiency of those in the body. Sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, blindness, less growth, weakening of immune system, respiratory and gastro-intestinal infections, increases risk of mother to child transmission of HIV and many such physical deformities. Iron deficiency can cause anaemia, risk of low birth weight or premature delivery in pregnant women, pre-natal or neonatal mortality, fatigue, low growth, intellectual impairment and maternal mortality. Iodine deficiency causes likelihood to stillbirth, congenital abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, mental impairment, retardation and goitre. Protein energy malnutrition can cause diarrhoea, pneumonia, underweight children, and intergenerational cycle of malnutrition.